PCB Design Guidelines

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Simple Security Wire Loop Alarm Circuit

A wire loop is used to protect valuable objects in this simple alarm circuit. The electronic hobby circuit is powered by a 9v battery. The alarm beeper is activated if the wire loop is severed. The standby current is so low that the 9v battery should last for many years.

Light to Frequency Converter

This circuit uses a CMOS version of the classic 555 timer, to form a light intensity to frequency converter. A small PIN photo diode is used as the light detector. The pulses produced are short, so in some applications you may want to stretch them or feed them through a flip/flop to produce a square wave signal. Although the circuit shown is designed for a 5v supply, it could operate from almost any voltage from 3v to 15v.

The 555 timer circuit is configured as a free running oscillator. When a PIN photodiode is reversed biased, it leaks current proportional to the light intensity hitting lt. The photodiode leakage current charges the 0.01uF capacitor. When the voltage of the capacitor reaches about 2/3 of the supply voltage, the pin 3 output of the 555 timer swings low. This state quickly discharges the capacitor through the photo diode, until the capacitor voltage is less than 1/3 of the supply voltage. This causes the pin 3 output of the 555 to swing high again, for another charge cycle. With the component value chosen, the frequency of the oscillator will range from about 1Hz in total darkness to about 25KHz in sunlight. Other frequencies are possible by changing the value of the 0.01uF capacitor.

Click on Schematic below to view PDF version of this Circuit

3v Low Battery Voltage Flasher Circuit

Many battery powered devices use two AA alkaline cells. Often you will not know when it is time to replace the batteries until the device powered by them actually stops operating. The hobby circuit below can be connected to a 3v battery, to give you some warning when the battery is nearing its end of life. It will flash a LED when the battery voltage drops to about 2.4 volts. The electronic circuit draws only 1ua of current in standby mode and jumps to only 20ua when flashing, so it can safely be included without depleting the battery energy. A voltage detector IC from Panasonic (Microchip also makes similar devices) is used to monitor the battery voltage. The device’s open drain output swings low, when the battery voltage is below 2.4 to 2.5 volts. This action turns on the two transistor oscillator circuit, which drives the LED with short current pulses lasting only 2ms. I published this Flasher circuit in the January 2 issue of EDN magazine in 1997.

Remote LED Indicator Light

There are times when you would like to transmit a signal from one LED indicator light to second LED at another location. The circuit below works well for this application. It takes advantage of the fact that the internal infrared LED inside an opto-isolator has a lower voltage drop than the visible LED being tapped into. Using a darlington type opto-isolator also means very little current needs to be diverted to the isolator. The photodarlington side of the isolator can be used to turn on the remote LED using any convenient DC source. In automotive applications, this is often 12v. You can also use the output of the opto-isolator to drive a low power beeper. This might be handy for something like a “check engine” or a “windshield washer fluid” light.

Click on Schematic to view PDF

PCB Design with TINA

Create single, double-sided or multilayer PCBs of your circuits with a single mouse click, using automatically-placed and routed components. All components in TINA are "PCB-ready" and have associated footprints. If necessary, you can review and edit a component's footprint using the components' spreadsheet. TINA's unique 3D capability displays a schematic with the physical parts in place of their electronic symbols. You can also view the PCB in 3D from any angle to see how it will look after manufacture.

The fully integrated layout module of TINA 7 has all the features you need for advanced PCB design, including powerful autoplacement & autorouting, flexible PCBs, manual and "follow-me" trace placement, DRC, forward/back annotation, pin/gate swapping, keep-in/out areas, thermal relief, fanout, plane layers, Gerber file output and much more.

Single layer SMD circuit

Schemaric diagram

Schematic with 3D view of parts

Single sided layout

3D view of the circuit

Double layer through-hole circuit

Schematic diagram of a double-sided design

3D part preview on the schematic

PCB layout with Top (red) layer selected

PCB layout with Bottom (green) layer selected

3D view of the top side

Looking at the bottom layer

4-layer SMD circuit

Schematic diagram of the 4-layer SMD design

PCB layout of the 4-layer SMD design

3D view of the top side

3D view of the bottom side

Flexible PCB Layout (Flex PCB)

Flex PCBs are PCBs whose electronic devices are mounted on flexible plastic substrates. They are widely used in modern electronics where space is a critical factor e.g., cameras, mobile phones, etc. TINA supports Flex PCB design, which we will introduce by way of an example. Our example will consist of a conventional rigid PCB with two flexible extensions.

Example file „PIC Flasher DIP4SW flex top.TSC” from the Examples\PCB folder of TINA.

TINA can present a 3D view of the circuit board. Press the rightmost button (3D View) in the TINA PCB Designer program see the PCB as presented in the next figure.

.Pict.Collage.Maker.203.1976.CRD

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Simple Electronic Lock Project

A kit for this project is available from RSH Electronics.
Download PDF version of this page
There are six (or more) push switches. To 'unlock' you must press all the correct ones at the same time, but not press any of the cancel switches. Pressing just one cancel switch will prevent the circuit unlocking. When the circuit unlocks it actually just turns on an LED for about one second, but it is intended to be adapted to turn on a relay which could be used to switch on another circuit.
Please Note: This circuit just turns on an LED for about one second when the correct switches are pressed. It does not actually lock or unlock anything!
This project uses a 555 monostable circuit.
Parts Required
resistors: 470, 100k ×2, 1M
capacitors: 0.1µF, 1µF 16V radial
red LED
555 timer IC
8-pin DIL socket for IC
on/off switch
push-switch ×6 (or more)
battery clip for 9V PP3
stripboard 12 rows × 25 holes

12V to 120V Inverter

Have you ever wanted to run a TV, stereo or other appliance while on the road or camping? Well, this inverter should solve that problem. It takes 12 VDC and steps it up to 120 VAC. The wattage depends on which tansistors you use for Q1 and Q2, as well as how "big" a transformer you use for T1. The inverter can be constructed to supply anywhere from 1 to 1000 (1 KW) watts.
Important: If you have any questions or problems with the circuit, see the forum topic linked to in the Notes section. It will answer all your questions and provide links to many other (and better) inverter circuits.

Q1 and Q2, as well as T1, determine how much wattage the inverter can supply. With Q1,Q2=2N3055 and T1= 15 A, the inverter can supply about 300 watts. Larger transformers and more powerful transistors can be substituted for T1, Q1 and Q2 for more power.
The easiest and least expensive way to get a large T1 is to re-wind an old microwave transformer. These transformers are rated at about 1KW and are perfect. Go to a local TV repair shop and dig through the dumpster until you get the largest microwave you can find. The bigger the microwave the bigger transformer. Remove the transformer, being careful not to touch the large high voltage capacitor that might still be charged. If you want, you can test the transformer, but they are usually still good. Now, remove the old 2000 V secondary, being careful not to damage the primary. Leave the primary in tact. Now, wind on 12 turns of wire, twist a loop (center tap), and wind on 12 more turns. The guage of the wire will depend on how much current you plan to have the transformer supply. Enamel covered magnet wire works great for this. Now secure the windings with tape. Thats all there is to it. Remember to use high current transistors for Q1 and Q2. The 2N3055's in the parts list can only handle 15 amps each.
Remember, when operating at high wattages, this circuit draws huge amounts of current. Don't let your battery go dead :-).
Since this project produces 120 VAC, you must include a fuse and build the project in a case.
You must use tantalum capacitors for C1 and C2. Regular electrolytics will overheat and explode. And yes, 68uF is the correct value. There are no substitutions.
This circuit can be tricky to get going. Differences in transformers, transistors, parts substitutions or anything else not on this page may cause it to not function.
If you want to make 220/240 VAC instead of 120 VAC, you need a transformer with a 220/240 primary (used as the secondary in this circuit as the transformer is backwards) instead of the 120V unit specified here. The rest of the circuit stays the same. But it takes twice the current at 12V to produce 240V as it does 120V.
Check out this forum topic to answer many of the most commonly asked questions about this circuit: 12 - 120V Inverter Again. It covers the most common problems encountered and has some helpful suggestions.
Related Circuits

Part
Total Qty.
Description
Substitutions
C1, C2
2
68 uf, 25 V Tantalum Capacitor
R1, R2
2
10 Ohm, 5 Watt Resistor
R3, R4
2
180 Ohm, 1 Watt Resistor
D1, D2
2
HEP 154 Silicon Diode
Q1, Q2
2
2N3055 NPN Transistor (see "Notes")
T1
1
24V, Center Tapped Transformer (see "Notes")
MISC
1
Wire, Case, Receptical (For Output)

Automatic Room Lights

An ordinary automatic room power control circuit has only one light sensor. So when a person enters the room it gets one pulse and the lights come ‘on.’ When the person goes out it gets another pulse and the lights go ‘off.’ But what happens when two persons enter the room, one after the other? It gets two pulses and the lights remain in ‘off’ state. The circuit described here overcomes the above-mentioned problem. It has a small memory which enables it to automatically switch ‘on’ and switch ‘off’ the lights in a desired fashion. The circuit uses two LDRs which are placed one after another (separated by a distance of say half a metre) so that they may separately sense a person going into the room or coming out of the room. Outputs of the two LDR sensors, after processing, are used in conjunction with a bicolour LED in such a fashion that when a person gets into the room it emits green light and when a person goes out of the room it emits red light, and vice versa. These outputs are simultaneously applied to two counters. One of the counters will count as +1, +2, +3 etc when persons are getting into the room and the other will count as -1, -2, -3 etc when persons are getting out of the room. These counters make use of Johnson decade counter CD4017 ICs. The next stage comprises two logic ICs which can combine the outputs of the two counters and determine if there is any person still left in the room or not. Since in the circuit LDRs have been used, care should be taken to protect them from ambient light. If desired, one may use readily available IR sensor modules to replace the LDRs. The sensors are installed in such a way that when a person enters or leaves the room, he intercepts the light falling on them sequentially—one after the other. When a person enters the room, first he would obstruct the light falling on LDR1, followed by that falling on LDR2. When a person leaves the room it will be the other way round. In the normal case light keeps falling on both the LDRs, and as such their resistance is low (about 5 kilo-ohms). As a result, pin 2 of both timers (IC1 and IC2), which have been configured as monostable flip-flops, are held near the supply voltage (+9V). When the light falling on the LDRs is obstructed, their resistance becomes very high and pin 2 voltages drop to near ground potential, thereby triggering the flip-flops. Capacitors across pin 2 and ground have been added to avoid false triggering due to electrical noise. When a person enters the room, LDR1 is triggered first and it results in triggering of monostable IC1. The short output pulse immediately charges up capacitor C5, forward biasing transistor pair T1-T2. But at this instant the collectors of transistors T1 and T2 are in high impedance state as IC2 pin 3 is at low potential and diode D4 is not conducting. But when the same person passes LDR2, IC2 monostable flip-flop is triggered. Its pin 3 goes high and this potential is coupled to transistor pair T1-T2 via diode D4. As a result transistor pair T1-T2 conducts because capacitor C5 retains the charge for some time as its discharge time is controlled by resistor R5 (and R7 to an extent). Thus green LED portion of bi-colour LED is lit momentarily. The same output is also coupled to IC3 for which it acts as a clock. With entry of each person IC3 output (high state) keeps advancing. At this stage transistor pair T3-T4 cannot conduct because output pin 3 of IC1 is no longer positive as its output pulse duration is quite short and hence transistor collectors are in high impedance state. When persons leave the room, LDR2 is triggered first followed by LDR1. Since the bottom half portion of circuit is identical to top half, this time with the departure of each person red portion of bi-colour LED is lit momentarily and output of IC4 advances in the same fashion as in case of IC3. The outputs of IC3 and those of IC4 (after inversion by inverter gates N1 through N4) are ANDed by AND gates (A1 through A4) are then wire ORed (using diodes D5 through D8). The net effect is that when persons are entering, the output of at least one of the AND gates is high, causing transistor T5 to conduct and energise relay RL1. The bulb connected to the supply via N/O contact of relay RL1 also lights up. When persons are leaving the room, and till all the persons who entered the room have left, the wired OR output continues to remain high, i.e. the bulb continues to remains ‘on,’ until all persons who entered the room have left. The maximum number of persons that this circuit can handle is limited to four since on receipt of fifth clock pulse the counters are reset. The capacity of the circuit can be easily extended for up to nine persons by removing the connection of pin 1 from reset pin (15) and utilising Q1 to Q9 outputs of CD4017 counters. Additional inverters, AND gates and diodes will, however, be required

5 band graphic equalizer using a single IC/chip

This circuit uses a single chip, IC BA3812L for realizing a 5 band graphic equalizer for use in hi-fi audio systems.The BA3812L is a five-point graphic equalizer that has all the required functions integrated onto one IC. The IC is comprised of the five tone control circuits and input and output buffer amplifiers. The BA3812L features low distortion, low noise, and wide dynamic range, and is an ideal choice for Hi-Fi stereo applica-tions. It also has a wide operating voltage range (3.5V to 16V), which means that it can be adapted for use with most types of stereo equipment.
The five center frequencies are independently set using external capacitors, and as the output stage buffer amplifier and tone control section are independent circuits, fine control over a part of the frequency bandwidth is possible, By using two BA3812Ls, it is possible to construct a 10-point graphic equalizer. The amount of boost and cut can be set by external components.
The recommended power supply is 8V, but the circuit should work for a supply of 9V also. The maximum voltage limit is 16V.
The circuit given in the diagram operates around the five frequency bands:
100Hz
300Hz
1kHz
3kHz
10kHz

Digital Volume Control

This circuit could be used for replacing your manual volume control in a stereo amplifier. In this circuit, push-to-on switch S1 controls the forward (volume increase) operation of both channels while a similar switch S2 controls reverse (volume decrease) operation of both channels.
A readily available IC from Dallas semiconductor, DS1669 is used here.
FEATURES:
Replaces mechanical variable resistors
Electronic interface provided for digital as well as manual control
Wide differential input voltage range between 4.5 and 8 volts
Wiper position is maintained in the absence of power
Low-cost alternative to mechanical controls
Applications include volume, tone, contrast,brightness, and dimmer control
The circuit is extremely simple and compact requiring very few external components.
The power supply can vary from 4.5V to 8V.

Discrete component motor direction controller

This circuit can control a small DC motor, like the one in a tape recorder. When both the points A & B are "HIGH" Q1 and Q2 are in saturation. Hence the bases of Q3 to Q6 are grounded. Hence Q3,Q5 are OFF and Q4,Q6 are ON . The voltages at both the motor terminals is the same and hence the motor is OFF. Similarly when both A and B are "LOW" the motor is OFF.When A is HIGH and B is LOW, Q1 saturates ,Q2 is OFF. The bases of Q3 and Q4 are grounded and that of Q4 and Q5 are HIGH. Hence Q4 and Q5 conduct making the right terminal of the motor more positive than the left and the motor is ON. When A is LOW and B is HIGH ,the left terminal of the motor is more positive than the right and the motor rotates in the reverse direction. I could have used only the SL/SK100s ,but the ones I used had a very low hFE ~70 and they would enter the active region for 3V(2.9V was what I got from the computer for a HIGH),so I had to use the BC148s . You can ditch the BC148 if you have a SL/SK100 with a decent value of hFE ( like 150).The diodes protect the transistors from surge produced due to the sudden reversal of the motor. The approx. cost of the circuit without the motor is around Rs.40.Note: You can change the supply voltage depending on the motor, only thing is that it should be a 2 or 3V more than the rated motor voltage( upto a max. of 35V).

555 Timing for a stepper motor

In the circuit a 555 drives a UCN 5804 stepper motor chip. My problem is with the speed switch set to slow the motor is driven too slow, and with the switch set to fast the motor is driven too fast.
I have changed the pot to 1M but the slowest speed (with the switch set to fast) is the fastest speed I require. At the slowest speed I would like to pulse the motor every 1-2 seconds.
I understand that the capacitor and resistors adjust the timing, but I dont understand the relationship between them.
Could somebody help me with this?

Ashampoo_Photo_Optimizer_3.02_www.softarchive.net_2

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Dancing Lights

Here is a simple circuit which can be used for decoration purposes or as an indicator. Flashing or dancing speed of LEDs can be adjusted and various dancing patterns of lights can be formed.The circuit consists of two astable multivibrators. One multivibrator is formed by transistors T1 and T2 while the other astable multivibrator is formed by T3 and T4. Duty cycle of each multivibrator can be varied by changing RC time constant. This can be done through potentiometers VR1 and VR2 to produce different dancing pattern of LEDs. Total cost of this circuit is of the order of Rs 30 only. Potentiometers can be replaced by light dependent resistors so that dancing of LEDs will depend upon the surrounding light intensity. The colour LEDs may be arranged as shown in the Figure

Serial Data Link Kits

This Transmitter Receiver kit can receive up to 64 characters via its serial port. The serial port baud rate is selectable from 300, 1200, 2400 and 9600. The data format is fixed at 8N1(8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit). Two input modes are available as well as input echo if required. An optional destination address can be automatically inserted into the message before transmitting.
Specifications:
Transmitter L: 2-3/8" W: 2" H: 7/8"
Receiver L: 2-3/8" W: 1-7/8" H: 7/8:
Power Requirement: 12 VDC(Need a Power Supply?)
Operates at 433.92 MHz. (uses amplitude modulation)
Up to 16 Receivers can be used in a Network
See the following documents for complete details, including schematic and theory of operation. Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader available at http://www.adobe.com/ for FREE!

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Parallel Data Link Kits

K175 monitors 8 digital inputs for change. If change is detected on any input the state of all the inputs is transmitted. An optional destination address can be added to the message before transmitting. The pinout of the input connector allows direct connection to a PC printer port.
Specifications:
Transmitter L: 2-3/8" W: 1-7/8" H: 7/8"
Receiver L: 2-3/8" W: 2-3/8" H: 7/8:
Power Requirement: 12 VDC(Need a Power Supply?)
Operates at 433.92 MHz. (uses amplitude modulation)
Up to 16 Receivers can be used in a Network
See the following documents for complete details, including schematic and theory of operation. Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader available at http://www.adobe.com/ for FREE!

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Audio Video Transmitter Kit

If it is desired to connect a video signal originating from a camera or other video source to a normal TV set, you will need this modulator. The audio and video signal is converted into a UHF TV signal so that the signal can be received through the TV antenna input. In certain countries (find out from your national telecommunications authority) it is permitted to use this modulator as a mini-transmitter by connecting a small antenna to it. With this facility it is possible to receive the signal from the video recorder or camera elsewhere within your home (range ~100'). The kit comes complete with housing and antenna connector. Specifications:
Input: rca style audio and video jacks
Output: UHF channel 21 (450 - 500MHz adjustable)
Power supply: 12 to 15V DC / 100mA(Need a Power Supply?)
Dimensions: 2.8" x 4.1" x 1.2"

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Digital Clock With Timer Kit

This circuit is a digital clock with a built-in 24-hour timer. It includes a one-piece LED display which provides a 4-digit display of hours and minutes, AM/PM and timer-on indicators. The timer includes a relay output which be connected to any external electrical device of up to 3A / 110V AC or 24V DC (1.5A / 220V AC).
Specifications:
Supply voltage: 12V AC C.T. (2 x 6V AC) / 300mA transformer
Output relay handles up to 3A / 110V AC or 24V DC (1.5A / 220V AC)
Display height: 15.2mm
50/60 Hz operation
Snooze function
PC board dimensions: 3.6" x 1.9" (93mm x 49mm)

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Outgoing Phone Number Logger

The logger records the start and stop time of ALL outgoing calls along with the number dialed (plus any other digits pressed during the call). There is no limit to the number of key presses it will log. It operates “stand alone” – no need for any connection to a PC. Telephone call data is output in a format that can be easily imported into Microsoft Excel. Various Excel functions can then be used to analyze and sort the data and produce formatted printouts. Data is stored in non-volatile EEPROM memory, so there is no loss of data in the event of a power failure - DIY KIT 164.
Specifications:
L: 5" W: 3-3/4" H: 1"
Requires 9 - 12 VDC Power Supply.(Need a Power Supply?)
3 Volt Lithium Back Up Battery (not included).
Stores up to 700 strings of (10 digit) numbers.(It will store as many digits that are pushed, there is no limit)
Download data to PC via Serial Port.
Use any terminal emulator program to get data.
Includes plastic case and all parts.

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Electronic Combination Lock Kit

This really is an excellent introduction to security devices. Set your own four digit code; any wrong key-in sequence resets the lock; correct sequence activates the relay (up to 240VAC contacts). A 9-digit key pad circuit board is separate and connects via ribbon cable, 30" supplied. Requires 12 VDC battery or supply - DIY Kit 29.
Specifications:
Main Board: L: 3" W: 2-3/8" H: 3/4".
Key Pad Board: L: 2-5/8" W: 1-1/4" H: 1/2".
Requires 12 Volt DC power supply.(Need a Power Supply?)
Relay contacts rated for 240VAC @ 12Amps.

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AM/FM Radio Kit and Training Course

"Superheterodyne" receiver of standard AM (amplitude modulation) FM (frequency modulated) broadcast frequencies. (PC board 11 5/8" x 5 1/4")
The unique design of this kit allows you to place the parts over its corresponding symbol in the schematic drawing on the surface of the printed circuit board. This technique maximizes the learning process while keeping the chances for an assembly error at a minimum.
This kit includes an assembly, lesson and theory of operation manual. The actual assembly is broken into simple sections. Each section should be completely tested before moving on. This reduces difficult trouble-shooting associated with many similar kits. Also included are practical hi-tech blue PC board with the schematic printed on the surface, and battery and solder included. The manual is easy to understand, no previous knowledge of electronics is necessary. This radio kit PC board has been designed so that no cabinet is necessary. A special bracket provides the necessary support to use the radio in any location, displaying the work achievement of the student.
Specifications:
Uses 14 Transistors and 5 Diodes.
PC Board Dimensions 11-5/8" x 5-1/4".
Operates on 9Volt battery (not included).(or Use this Power Supply instead of a Battery)
Includes complete course study guide.
Excellent for classroom trainer.

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PIC Programmer & Experiment Board

This electronic kit is a multifunctional Microchip PIC Flash Micro controller programmer with built in test circuit. You can create your programs and use the built in LED's and Push buttons to test and debug.
The code to program PIC's is written in standard ASCII and can be edited in any text editor or Microchip's MPLAB. We have also included a PIC16F627 so you can start programming and testing immediately.
Specifications:
Requires 12-15 Volt DC power supply.(Need a Power Supply?)
L: 5-3/4" W: 4" H: 3/4".
Supports 4 different 300 mil. PICs: 8p, 14p, 18p and 28p
Test buttons and LED indicators to carry out educational experiments, such as the enclosed programming examples.
PC connection through serial port.
Includes In Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) connector.
Includes one Flash Microcontroller (PIC16F627) that can be reprogrammed up to 1000 times for experimenting at will.
CDROM Software to compile and program your source code is included minimum system requirements: IBM Compatible PC, Pentium or betterWindows™ 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP
Rev 2.5 supports the following microcontrollers: PIC12F629, PIC12F675, PIC16C83, PIC16CR83, PIC16F83, PIC16C84, PIC16CR84,PIC16F84, PIC16F84A, PIC16F870, PIC16F871, PIC16F872, PIC16F873, PIC16F873A, PIC16F874, PIC16F874A, PIC16F876, PIC16F876A, PIC16F877(A)(ICSP only), PIC16F627, PIC16F627A, PIC16F628, PIC16F628A, PIC16F648A, PICF630, PIC16F676, PIC16F818, PIC16F819

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EEPROM Programmer Kit

Serial eeproms are finding more and more use in electronic devices. These small 8 pin devices offer non-volatile data storage and require minimal I/O lines to connect them. The programmer connects to the Parallel PC Port. The software runs under DOS, Win95, Win3.1, and WinNT (service pack 5).
Programs the following devices:2401, 2402, 2404, 2408, 24162432, 2464, 24128, 242569346, 9356, 9366, 9376, 9386
Specifications: L: 2-1/2" W: 2-1/4" H: 5/8" Requires external 9- 12 volt dc @ 50 mA power supply (Need a Power Supply?) Requires parallel port PC cable Link to download software provided Supports 8 bit eeproms only

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Bi-directional DC Motor Speed Controller (Kit or Assembled)

This DC motor controller kit allows controlling the speed of a DC motor in both the forward and reverse direction using pulse-width modulation (PWM). The range of DC motor control is from fully OFF to fully ON in both directions. Turning the pot in the other direction causes the DC motor to spin in the opposite direction. The center position on the pot is OFF, forcing the motor to slow and stop before changing direction. See our one direction DC Motor Controller.
Specifications:
L: 3-3/4" W: 1-5/8" H: 1".
Motor Speed Controlled via a potentiometer.
For DC motors 12 to 32 Volts DC @ 5 Amps as constructed. The IRFZ44 Mosfets can handle up to a maximum 49Amps, but PCB trace capacity would have to be beefed up with some hookup wire (underneath the PCB) soldered between the MOFSET pins and the screw terminal blocks. If you are running beyond 5 Amps and the MOFSETS are getting hot, bigger heatsinks should be used. You can also dissipate heat with a cooling fan directed over the heat sinks.
Requires operating voltage of 6 - 32 VDC.(Need a Power Supply?)
This PWM DC motor controller circuit can be used for generating hydrogen, build your own fuel cell station. More common uses include controlling DC motors in golf carts, buggies, RC cars, robotics, DC hobby motors, toy DC motors, etc.

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Three Digit Counter Module Kit

This electronic kit is a basic low cost counter module (DIY Kit1). Two or more may be plugged together with 6-pin sockets and harness provided. Excellent use as event counter. Has a single 3-digit display. Uses the 14553 and 14551 chips. Has count and reset switches with debounce built in to eliminate problems from noisy switches. Two or more may be joined to make 6 or 9 digit unit. Display may be located remotely. Plastic case included, 9 volt battery operation.
Specifications:
Main Board: L: 2-1/8" W: 3-1/4" H: 1-1/2"
Input Board: L: 1-1/4" W: 1-1/2" H: 1/2"
Requires 9 volt battery.(or Use this Power Supply instead of a Battery)

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Metal Detector Kit

To come up against an electric cable while drilling a hole in a wall can have catastrophic consequences. Likewise, drilling into gas, water pipes or central heating pipes can be extremely hazardous. With a handy metal detector it can now be determined beforehand whether there are metal objects to be found in a wall, ceiling or floor. An LED indicates if a metal object is in the vicinity.
Specifications:
Metal detecting distance adjustable: up to 3.15"
Power supply: 9V battery (not included)
LED and buzzer indication
Dimensions: L: 2.2" x W: 2.5" x H 1.5"

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Cell Phone Remote Control Kit

Use this light activated circuit to turn equipment on and off at any location via GSM mobile phone. Applications include turning on lighting, heating, opening your gate, simulating presence, controlling animal feeders, activating car alarms, etc... Ring detection circuit avoids phone charges and there is no need to open or modify phone, no physical connection to mobile phone. Works with most GSM mobile phones.
Specifications:
L: 4" W: 1.7" H: 1"
Power supply: 12Vdc / 100mA(Need a Power Supply?)
Dual operation mode: on/off toggle or on with auto turn-off timer
Timer settings: 0.5s, 2s, 30s, 1 min, 5 min, 15 min, 30min or 1 hour
Relay has Normally Open and Normally Closed Contact.
Relay Contact Max Current 3Amp @ 120VAC.(more info on how relays work)

http://www.mediafire.com/?gmon2gm4mly

http://www.mediafire.com/?d9dylbyzndg

Sound Activated Relay Switch

This mini-VOX - voice operated relay - is based on a circuit published in Silicon Chip, 9/1994, p31. We have improved it by putting an on-board Koa potentiometer in order to adjust the sensitivity. The idea behind a VOX is that instead of the user pressing a switch to activate a relay, the sound of the users voice itself activates the relay. This gives hands-free control over devices like lights and tape recorders. Relay stays on for 1 or 5 seconds (depending on components used) then shuts off. Different time values can be realized by using different value components (read k126.pdf for more information).
Specifications:
L: 2-1/4" W: 1-1/4" H: 5/8"
Requires 12 VDC Power Supply(Need a Power Supply?)
Current drain when off is 5-7mA and 35mA when activated
Relay output rated at 12/24VDC/1A (more info on how relays work)
Microphone can be connected on leads up to 2 feet away from the PCB.
Off time delay adjustable by changing component values.

http://www.mediafire.com/?w9rxzmg91dx

Digital Clock With 24 Hour Timer - Kit and Assembled Circuit Available

This digital clock with timer kit is an ideal option for use in homes and offices. The circuit is based on the LM8560 chip which is one of the most popular clock chips and incorporates a wide range of features such as alarm, snooze, and 24 hour timer (a relay can be connected to the PCB). The clock display is made up of a discrete array of 87 LEDs with digits measuring 2“ high.

Specifications:

• Supply voltage: 18V AC C.T. (2 x 9V AC) / 300mA (not included)
• 4-digit display
• Number of LEDs: 87 bright 4mm LEDs
• Digit height: 2" (50mm)
• Single board design
• Includes alarm melody generator
• Includes output circuit for external relay
• PC board dimensions: 8.84"L x 3.48"W x 1/2"H
• Speaker not included

http://www.mediafire.com/?sharekey=cec59dfde689398ed2db6fb9a8902bda

Headlight Warning Kit

This head light indicator may be set for one or two functions. To indicate that the head lights (or the side lights) should be switched off after switching off the ignition contact (battery protection). Or to indicate that the head lights should be on once ignition contact is switched on (obligatory in some countries).

Specifications:

• continuously repeated alarm tone for lights ON (may be disabled)
• repeated alarm tone for lights OUT
• only 3 wires are required for hook-up
• supply voltage: 12V DC
• PCB dimensions: 1.9" x 2.2"

http://www.mediafire.com/?sharekey=cec59dfde689398ed2db6fb9a8902bda

Learn To Solder Kit - Our Best Seller!

Why not introduce someone to the Exciting world of Electronics. This is a great introduction to a hobby that could lead to a career in the High Tech Industry. The kit includes a 30W soldering iron, diagonal cutters, solder, solder iron stand, printed circuit board, all components needed to build a flashing siren, and complete lesson plan. Complete with speaker and light emitting diodes. Finished circuit has an adjustable European Siren and flashing diodes.

We have sold thousands of these! Great for Schools, Clubs, Boy Scouts, Summer Programs etc. Fun for ages 10 through Adult.

Specifications:

• Includes all the tools needed to learn soldering.
• Includes a Printed Circuit Board and all components to build a working electronic siren.
• Includes a complete 10 page lesson plan and instruction booklet for easy integration into any electronics program.
• Requires 9 volt battery.
• Recommended for ages 10 and up (adult supervision required).

http://www.mediafire.com/?sharekey=cec59dfde689398ed2db6fb9a8902bda